KESENJANGAN ANTARA NORMA DAN PRAKTIK: PROBLEMATIKA PENEGAKAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DALAM SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA
Kata Kunci:
Human Rights, Indonesian Legal System, Law Enforcement, Human Rights Protection, Implementation GapsAbstrak
This study aims to analyze the development of law and human rights (HAM) in Indonesia, identify obstacles to their enforcement, examine the factors causing weak human rights protection, and propose strategies to strengthen it in the future. The research uses a normative juridical method with legislative, conceptual, and case approaches. The research data consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are analyzed qualitatively, descriptively, and critically. The results show that the development of human rights law, especially after the 1998 Reform, has strengthened the normative framework but has not yet been fully followed by institutional effectiveness and legal culture. This gap is influenced by structural-institutional issues, legal culture, regulatory disharmony, the integrity of officials, as well as emerging contemporary challenges in the digital space and environmental conflicts. Political, regulatory, and socio-cultural factors are intertwined, creating systemic and multidimensional human rights enforcement issues. The study offers a framework for strengthening through six pillars: human rights education and internalization, institutional and law enforcement reform, regulatory harmonization, civil society empowerment, political commitment and international cooperation, and a multicultural and inclusive approach based on Pancasila. The findings affirm that strengthening human rights protection requires integrating legal norms, institutions, legal culture, and enforcement practices holistically and sustainably.
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