REKONSTRUKSI METODOLOGIS HUKUM ISLAM AL-GHAZALI BAGI KEBUTUHAN HUKUM ISLAM KONTEMPORER: INTEGRASI ETIKA, TEOLOGI, DAN MAQASID AL-SYARI’AH

Abstrak

This study aims to formulate a conceptual synthesis of five dimensions of Imam al-Ghazālī's legal thought, namely the epistemological limits of reason and revelation, the discipline of assessing maslahat (public interest), the hierarchy of maqāṣid (objectives), the integration of law, ethics, and spirituality, and the position of ushul fiqh, as a basis for a methodological reconstruction relevant to contemporary Islamic law needs. The study uses a qualitative library-based design with a historical-intellectual approach and directed content analysis on the primary corpus of al-Mustaṣfā, al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl, Tahāfut al-Falāsifah, al-Mankhūl, Shifā’ al-Ghalīl, and Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn, supported by secondary sources of academic literature from 2016-2026. The analysis procedure was carried out in four stages: inventorying concepts in the primary texts, thematic coding into epistemological, normative, ethical, and operational categories, triangulation with previous research interpretations, and synthesis of an integrated methodological matrix. The results show that these five dimensions interrelate and can be formulated into nine stages of legal reasoning: problem identification, fact validation, determination of normative sources, defining the scope of ijtihad, testing maslahat, applying the hierarchy of maqāṣid, assessing consequences, ethical evaluation, and legal decision-making. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in formulating an integrative framework that explicitly links epistemology, maslahat, maqāṣid, ethics-spirituality, and ushul fiqh as a single methodological grammar, rather than just a thematic combination of already known concepts. This study is conceptual, limited to the selected key works of al-Ghazālī, and has not been tested through case studies or cross-madhhab comparison, so the generalization of findings should be limited to an analytical framework level.